![]() ![]() * Only sync the purchased music files from the iTunes Store. * Cannot delete unwanted music from your iPod. * Show the music cover, lyrics, artists, and other detailed information on the interface. * Free, reliable, and easy to manage your iPod data. * Rip songs from CDs and add them into the music library automatically. * Display the music details on the interface, such as album cover, lyrics, artists, etc. ![]() * Clean and straightforward user interface. The best-received iPod music transfer software as it is, it does not support macOS Catalina and above since Apple has separated it with three apps. iTunesĪs a free software to transfer files from iPod to PC, iTunes enables you to access the whole music library on iPod, iPhone, iPad, Windows PC, and Mac. Read more: 5 Quick Ways to Recover Deleted Text Messages on iPhone without Computer Top 3. * iOS 9.1 and iTunes 12.3.1 and earlier versions. * No other features except for media syncing. * You must have iTunes installed on your computer. * Good hand to do primary music transfer to your Mac or PC. * Quick entry of the music and other media files. * Drag and drop the music files between your iPods or a computer. This program is relatively easy to use, and users of different ages can handle it without a hassle. PodTrans is a specially designed iPod data transfer software for you to sync music between your iPod and the computer. How to Transfer Music from Computer to iPod Top 2. How to Transfer Music from iPod to Computer Windows 11/10 without Losing Data? * Not work for transferring iPod files to a mobile phone or tablet. * Allow you to preview and choose the files you want. * Support all songs, both purchased and non-purchased. * Widely compatible with almost all iPod generations and music formats. * One-click operation, highly secure, and simple interface. * Export the music files with detailed information, like genre, artist, duration, album, etc. * Support various music formats: MP3, M4A, AAC, AIF, WAV, etc. * Back up and restore all iPod files on a PC or Mac. * Manage your iPod content on the computer directly. * Transfer both purchased and non-purchased music from iPod to PC in one-click. Apart from this, it also edits the contact details, imports iBooks from PC to your iPod, backs up, and restores the overall iOS data on your PC or Mac directly. Coolmuster iOS AssistantĬoolmuster iOS Assistant is the best iPod transfer software to transfer music, photos, contacts, and other files from your iPod to a computer in one click. To know more characteristics about each app, you can move to the following parts. This post gives you the ten best programs to transfer music from iPod to a computer, including paid and free solutions. As iTunes only transfers the purchased songs to the computer, an easy and quick iPod transfer software is a better alternative to get all the music files transferred. If you are looking for free software to transfer files from the iPod to the PC, of course, you will think of iTunes. But like any other smart device, it may quickly get fully occupied with a large number of music files. Users can unlock additional presets for free by subscribing to Wizdom Music’s mailing list.Popular in the early 2000s, iPod (touch) is still a wise choice for many music buffs to enjoy music wherever they go. The app is yours to keep if you download it before the promo period ends. The free download offer expires on April 17th, 2020. GeoShredPlay can be downloaded for free from the App Store. The team with GeoShred wants to play our part in keeping your spirits lifted and your creativity flowing, through this time of uncertainty. ![]() The app features Inter-App Audio and Audiobus support, with 3D touch available on supported devices.Īs we unite around the globe to fight this pandemic together it’s more important than ever to social distance and stay home. GeoShred Play is compatible with the iPad, iPhone, and iPod touch devices. You can literally just pick up your iOS device and start shredding without playing a “wrong” note. The playing surface is optimized for playing fast guitar solos with ease. The result is an intuitive virtual guitar solo app that is fun to play and sounds surprisingly authentic. It combines an expressive diatonic playing surface with a physically modeled electric guitar synthesis engine. GeoShred Play is a virtual instrument for beginners. Wizdom Music is offering the GeoShred Play virtual instrument app for iOS devices as a free download until April 17th, 2020. ![]()
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![]() ![]() Key Specs: Capacity: 28 ounces | Material: BPA-free plastic | Blending Mechanism: Jaxx mixer | Insulated: No | Dishwasher Safe: No It’s efficient, effective, and easy to maintain-all you can ask for in a quality shaker bottle. GNC’s Pro Performance shaker cup does everything it's intended to do. Consulting with your healthcare provider is always a good idea," says Allison Knott, MS, RDN, CSSD. What the Experts Say: "If you have any allergies, sensitivities, or other contraindications with medications you're taking, you should be cautious when choosing a protein powder. It is simple and affordable, and sometimes that's all you need.” Testing Notes: “This product does everything it is intended to do. No residue or odor was left behind, according to our tester. ![]() After enjoying a clump-free protein shake, our tester cleaned out the bottle with ease. The shaker comes with a Jaxx mixer that was quick to eliminate any clumps-earning the bottle a 4.8 out of 5 for effectiveness. Our tester loved the bottle’s design and appreciated the top handle for easy, on-the-go use. But it performed exceptionally well compared to the rest of the products we tested, making it an obvious choice for our best overall spot. At such a great value, it would have been our best budget pick. GNC’s Pro Performance shaker cup is lightweight, easy to carry, and (most importantly) provides a smooth serving of protein. A registered dietitian from our Review Board also reviewed the contents of this article for accuracy and how to evaluate shaker bottles. They assessed each bottle for design, effectiveness, and ease of cleaning-rating each bottle on a scale from 1 (would not recommend) to 5 (highly recommend) in each key category. We used tester insights and scores to find the best shaker bottles on the market today. Under the guidance of Knott, six of our expert testers evaluated 29 top-rated shaker bottles. To find the best shaker bottles on the market, we shook things up in The Verywell Testing Lab. Whether you're looking to gain muscle mass or need added protein in your diet, there are a lot of different uses for protein powder, says Allison Knott, MS, RDN, CSSD, a board-certified specialist in sports nutrition who guided our testers on test day. “They make it incredibly convenient to meet your daily protein needs when solid foods alone aren’t enough.” “Shaker bottles are a convenient way to shake up anything liquid you might need to mix: greens supplements to drink, powdered medicine, or even homemade salad dressing,” Ellyn Ferriter, MPH, CPT, certified personal trainer and group fitness instructor at Life Time, says. This part-kitchen-appliance part-workout-accessory totes contents that can aid on-the-go nutritional needs, improve post-workout recovery, and facilitate muscle-building gains. Alongside the smartwatch, gym towel, and set of earbuds, the shaker bottle has become a fitness gear staple to round out any dedicated gym-goer’s starter pack. ![]() ![]() ![]() The greatest hip-hop songs have the power to pull energy and excitement and anger and questions and self-doubt and raw emotion out of you. I’ve seen Vanilla Ice’s “Ice Ice Baby” go from ruling the world to being a musical pariah to being an ironic statement in my DJ set that makes people smile. I’ve seen my reactions to hip-hop change from age nine (“What the hell was that?”) to age 14 (“That was incredible!”) to age 22 (“Wait . . . are they allowed to do that?”) to age 29 (“It was kinda different when I was a kid”) to now (“What the fuck was that?!“). Hip-hop gives listeners sets of rules that you follow like the law, only to see them change every five years. (My father, unimpressed, told me, “There ain’t a living spinning other people’s music” – little did you know, Dad, little did you know.) There were so many times when a song premiere could stop you in your tracks, then become a subject of discussion for the next four hours: in the high school lunchroom when me and Black Thought heard “Wrath of Kane” for the first time, or my first listen to “Fight the Power” – it sounded like Pharoah Sanders and Rahsaan Roland Kirk had gotten into a knife fight. These sounds had incredible power if you grew up with hip-hop: There was the summer I spent trying to match the mix to “The Adventures of Grandmaster Flash on the Wheels of Steel,” note for note, on two Fisher-Price turntables. Some of the most powerful hip-hop songs are tracks with elements so simple your brain would explode trying to explain their logic: Take the unstoppable two-note guitar stab in Craig Mack’s “Flava in Ya Ear.” (I hounded the producer, Easy Mo Bee, for 17 years for the secret behind it – then wanted to throw someone out the window when I heard how basic it was.) Or the huge sound of the Roland 909 on Schoolly D’s “PSK” – an echo that seemed like it came from a church cathedral eight city blocks wide. “Rapper’s Delight” turned this future high school band geek into a superstar for the month of October 1979. My boy Aantar became my agent that week, scheduling performances of the song in exchange for snacks or hand-holding with girls in gym class. The next night, I was prepared, with a prehistoric tape recorder in hand and a black-and-white composition notebook. I said a hip, hop, the hippy to the hippy/To the hip hip hop, you don’t stop. . . . Me and my sister, Donn, were sneaking a listen of the local soul station while washing dishes when an army of percussion and a syncopated Latin piano line came out of my grandma’s JVC clock radio – what appeared to be Chic’s “Good Times.” How was I to know that my world would come crashing down in a matter of 5, 4, 3, 2 . . . on a Thursday, after a dinner of porgies, string beans and creamed corn. I was eight years old when “Rapper’s Delight” made its world premiere on Philadelphia radio. ![]() Click to read the full list of voters.Īn Introduction by Ahmir “Questlove” Thompson Looking for the full list of the 100 greatest hip-hop songs of all time? Check it out right here.Įditor’s note: To make this list, Rolling Stone asked 33 artists and experts – from Rick Rubin to Busta Rhymes – to choose their favorite hip-hop tracks, then crunched the numbers. ![]() ![]() Finally, add water on the top of the wall. Then, build a barrier 1 block above the top of the wall, to prevent the water from flowing out the wrong way. This is an example of a 3 wide waterfall with a 4 block high wall, resulting in a 5 block high waterfall.īuild a 1 deep, at least 3 wide all, however high you would like, to start. You can also grow trees around the fountain, but don't make them so tall or so close that they cover up the fountain. Surround the bottom layer of the fountain with leaves, to give it a great-looking blend with nature. Make the fountain floor where the water flows stone brick, instead of dirt. The fountain design 2 is an example of a fountain with a very small circle frame.Ĭonsider decorating your fountain. This will make your fountain look even better. This is rather difficult in the blocky world of Minecraft, but it is still possible (see " Tutorials/Creating shapes"). If you want a really giant fountain, make it with a 25 x 25 frame and a 3 x 3 column 25 blocks high.įor a more complex and round feel, make the shape of your fountain frame in a circle. For example, if you had a 3 x 3 column, you must have at least a 7 x 7 frame. However, the frame must always be at least 4 blocks bigger in both length and width than the column. Consider using the center 3 x 3 area for the column. ![]() However, make sure that it is not any smaller than 5 x 5, or the water will flow onto the frame, and spill out.Īnother option to make your fountain bigger is to make the column in the middle bigger than one block. ![]() Instead of making the frame 5 x 5, make it as big as you'd like. You can also expand the width as well as the height. If you want a very tall fountain, consider making a 10 block tall column, or more. No matter how high it is, the water will always flow into the trench at the bottom and will not spill out, if you have done it correctly. There are many things to make a fountain even better and bigger. Just pour a water bucket on the top of the central column to finish it off, and the water should flow down all sides. Then, build a 3 block high column in the middle of the frame. To build this fountain, start off by constructing a 5X5 frame of any material you wish, but only place blocks on the edges, so that the water has a place to flow into. ![]() You need a type of building block to start off with, as well as a bucket and a nearby water source. It has a square look to fit the theme of Minecraft, and it does not require any materials that are hard to acquire. This design is a simple yet effective fountain. Here are examples of designs for several water and lava features, including fountains, waterfalls, water walls, a lava incinerator, and a swimming pool.įountains look great in large gardens, the center of a yard, the middle of a park, city, or amusement park. ![]() ![]() ![]() Location: San Antonio Marriott Rivercenter, Third Floor, Grand Ballroom Salon E Department of Education Paul Dean Bailey, American Institutes for Research Lauren Harrell, National Center for Education Statistics Instructors: Ting Zhang, American Institutes for Research Emmanuel Sikali, U.S. PDC01: Analyzing NAEP Assessment Data Using R PDC27: Storing, Managing, Coding, and Sharing Video Data with Databrary.PDC26: Writing an Application for an IES Grant.PDC25: Using Multilevel Modeling to Meta-Analyze Single-Case Experimental Design Studies' Results.PDC24: The Stanford Education Data Archive: Using Big Data to Study Academic Performance.PDC23: Building Researchers' Capacity to Partner with Practitioners to Conduct Relevant and Useful Research.PDC22: Research Toward Equity and Justice: The Gordon Paradigm of Inquiry and Practice.PDC21: Qualitative Analysis Software Data Jam: MAXQDA Hands-On.PDC20: Enhancing the Validity Argument of Assessments: Identifying, Understanding, and Mitigating Unintended Consequences of Test Use. ![]() PDC19: Accessing and Exploring NCES Data.PDC18: What Would It Take to Change Your Inference? Quantifying the Discourse about Causal Inferences in the Social Sciences.PDC17: Using the AERA/APA/NCME Standards for Educational and Psychological Testing to Improve the Quality of Education Research.PDC16: Using NAEP Data on the Web for Educational Policy Research.PDC15: Using R Software for Item Response Theory (IRT) Model Calibrations.PDC14: Strategies for Sharing Your Research.PDC13: Reimagining Evaluation Capacity Building: Using Empowerment Evaluation with Evaluation Worksheets from Google.PDC11: Researchers' Learning Exchange: Interrogating Research through Historical and Socio-cultural Lenses.PDC10: Reimagining School Accountability under ESSA: Opportunities and Challenges for Evaluating School Quality and Student Success.PDC09: Propensity Score Methods and Their Applications in Observational Studies.PDC08: Introduction to Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.PDC07: How to Get Published - Guidance from Emerging and Established Scholars.PDC06: Hierarchical Linear Modeling with Large-Scale International Databases.PDC05: Designing Surveys for Education Research.PDC04: Creative Strategies for Mixing Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches in Mixed Methods Research.PDC03: Coding Qualitative Data: A Survey of Selected Methods.PDC02: Autoethnography: Bringing the Known into Action to Create More Equitable Opportunity.PDC01: Analyzing NAEP Assessment Data Using R.Direct questions about the professional development and training courses to a course number to learn more.Course participants should bring a laptop with any software suggested or specified in the course description.You must be registered for the Annual Meeting in order to purchase tickets to attend courses.Potential participants can register for Professional Development and Training Courses by logging into and updating their 2017 AERA Annual Meeting registration.The mini-courses will occur Friday through Sunday, April 28–30. ![]()
![]() An inexperienced host might think they’re doing great but in reality, they’re leaving a lot of money on the table because they could have charge much higher rates in the summer. Host #1 will have full occupancy throughout the year and will probably be booked out months in advance all year. Let’s look the example below with three different hosts, each holding a flat pricing throughout the year. This is a perfect way to miss out on bookings and leave profits on the table. Many Airbnb hosts, particularly new and less experienced ones, will set a baseline price for their unit and then just forget about it. Static (Flat) Pricing Leaves Money On the Table Keep reading to see how to find that out. With only about 30,000 hotel units in the city, you can imagine what that did to demand for Airbnb units.ĭuring some events, hosts were able to charge 2-3x their regular rates! But just knowing when an event will be in your area is not enough for you to determine HOW MUCH you should adjust your Airbnb pricing. Some of these events drew over 100,000 visitors. Notice above what the special events in San Francisco did to demand. However, these events will only affect the units within a certain radius since attendees will generally want to be as close to the events as possible. Learn more about finding the target rental audience for your unit Special Eventsīut also, you’ll notice that there are sharp jumps in demand throughout there year–these are typically special events like big conventions happening in town that push demand up for a short period of time. Just like seasonality, this will vary from city to city and even within cities. But this demand is hyper-local, meaning it is very dependent on the specific reasons of why someone would want to stay in your neighborhood rather than the greater city. If it’s mostly business travelers, you may actually see higher demand for spaces during the week days instead of the weekends. Is your area attracting more business travelers or leisure travelers? Having an accurate assessment of the right seasonality of your peers in your area is a starting point for determining the right baseline prices throughout the year. beaches will have higher demand during summers than downtown areas). Touristy locations will have a greater disparity between the high and low tourism seasons where as more business districts will see flatter demand throughout the year.Īnd even within the same city, different neighborhoods could have very different seasonalities (e.g. The specific highs and lows for each market will be different. In the example below with San Francisco Airbnb occupancy rates in 2014, you’ll see that demand is generally much higher in the summer months from July to September compared to the winter months from December to February. The demand for Airbnb units is not constant throughout the year and in almost all markets, there will be a high and low season. The Big Three Determinants of Local Demandĭemand by guests for Airbnb units in any particular city is sensitive to three major factors: Seasonality Seriously…If you do not have dynamic pricing, you’re leaving money on the table. Within one year, San Francisco has nearly DOUBLED the amount of Airbnb units available to guests…that’s double the supply! ![]() ![]() Supply is changing mostly from having more Airbnb units being added to the markets, meaning greater competition and less pricing power over time. And boy do they change.ĭemand changes for various reasons–seasonality, special events going on, etc… What is Dynamic Airbnb Pricing?ĭynamic Airbnb pricing is simply changing the price of your Airbnb unit as the supply AND demand for Airbnb units in your market changes. Below is a quick summary of some key takeaways from our talk with Ian. ![]() ![]() We were also particularly impressed by LastPass’s frequent external auditing and transparent incident response protocol. So no one, including LastPass, can access a user’s encrypted data remotely. The LastPass platform end-to-end encrypts all data using 256-bit AES encryption and uses advanced Transport Layer Security to prevent in-transit attacks.Īlso, as is industry standard, LastPass does not store users’ master passwords or authentication keys locally or on its servers. Fortunately, LastPass is recognized as one of the most highly secure password managers available. Security policy can make or break a password management provider. (Image credit: LastPass) LastPass: Security User interface of the LastPass desktop app for Windows 10. With the launch of the Apple Vision Pro around the corner, it’s possible that the company already has an app in development for that, too. Keeping up-to-date with trends has clearly been a priority for LastPass, which also announced late in 2022 that it would be bringing password management to the metaverse with its Meta Quest app. This means iPhone users who run Windows on their desktop will just be able to use LastPass, instead of having to scan their desktop with their smartphone. The company hopes that this could even attract a new group of users to the password manager because the passkeys will work on any device that LastPass works on. In June 2023, LastPass announced that passkeys are finally coming to its platform by the end of the year, specifically across web, extension, and app experiences, where LastPass will create and save passkeys for eligible websites. We’ve tested the application on Windows 10 and 11, macOS, iOS, and Android, and were impressed with all of them. The applications themselves are well-designed, and the user interface is easy to navigate. There’s no isolated area for IDs like drivers’ licenses and passports, but you can keep this information in the area designed for notes. It’s also one of the better-looking apps out there, with clear, easy-to-use menus and distinct sections for passwords, payment details, and the security dashboard. Syncing was efficient and with little lag, and working across multiple devices and browsers was as seamless as the company advertises. The LastPass applications perform admirably, and in our test, we had no negatives to report. This makes it one of the most customizable password management platforms available. ![]() (Image credit: LastPass) LastPass: Interface and performanceīusinesses will be glad to know that LastPass comes with password sharing, password generation, emergency access, one-touch login, and automatic syncing of all data.Ĭombining password management and MFA enables LastPass to secure every access point used by your business devices with single sign-on for over 1,200 integrated applications.Īdvanced administrator controls also enable IT administrators to leverage over 100 policies for user management and data control. If you’re already using a password manager and you’re simply looking for something that it can’t offer, you can import from all of the main browsers, plus a handful of rival companies like Dashlane, 1Password, and Keeper. The app is easy to download on all platforms, and login only requires your master password or biometric information. However, downloading the LastPass application is still important, as this will be the users’ hub for managing their data and account settings. Single sign-on technology means that once the user has entered their master password, the extension will autofill passwords and other credentials when visiting known sites. ![]() That comfortably covers four in five desktop browsing sessions according to Statcounter figures, but there are some password managers like Bitwarden, that have even more browser support.īrowser extensions for all major platforms enable users to enjoy a seamless password management experience. These extensions are available for all common browsers including Google Chrome, Firefox, Microsoft Edge (including a pre-Chromium legacy version), and Opera. ![]() Although LastPass has great apps for macOS, Windows, Linux, iOS, and Android, it is most powerful when integrated into your browsing experience with a web browser extension. ![]() ![]() Marilyn and Jared learn from the attendant that they need to burn the Driver's eyeballs to put him to rest. Jesse turns to his brother and says, "You should have saved me?" before disappearing, leaving Tom confused before heading back to the rest stop. He frees him and carries him to his truck. He searches for his brother, finding him tied up in a cage. Meanwhile, the Driver tortures Tom on the school bus but escapes while the Driver is gone. They decide to hike back to the gas station to find out everything the attendant knows. Jared relays what he knows to Marilyn, who, in turn, tells him Tom is missing. family, who gives him a ride to the rest stop. Jared then runs into the road and comes across the R.V. They then have sex while Nicole vomits blood and disappears. She rushes out of the bathroom, and all signs of Tom and their truck have vanished.Īs night falls, Jared changes clothes and sees Nicole's ghost as he gets in his car, which he believes is real. Marilyn sees Nicole's ghost inside the bathroom in an adjacent stall. Tom and Marilyn arrive at the rest stop, where the Driver kidnaps Tom while Marilyn is using the bathroom. ![]() Not long afterward, Jared stops at a construction site porta-potty which the Driver rams into, covering Jared in feces causing him to strip down to his briefs. Jared finds a horse-riding badge that belonged to Nicole, prompting Tom to demand information from the attendant, who tells them that the Old Highway is a mile up the road. Once they get to California, the trio asks for directions from a strange gas station attendant. Tom decides to go looking for his brother with his girlfriend Marilyn and one of Nicole's friends, Jared, who has had a long-time crush on Nicole. In Argyle, Texas, Jesse's brother Tom returns from Iraq. Thirty-five years later and one year after Jesse and Nicole disappeared. The Driver's ghost later kills the family across the street from the rest stop. His wife then falsely claims she is being raped and prompts her husband to attack, torture, and kill the Driver. ![]() Later that night, the Father finds the Driver having sexual intercourse with his wife. Once in the R.V., the mother flirts heavily with the Driver, asking Scotty, her physically deformed child, to take a picture with his camera. In 1972, a family in a motorhome encounters the Driver standing on the side of the road next to the yellow pickup, out of gas. The film was released direct-to-video in the United States on September 30, 2008, by Warner Home Video. The only actors to return from the first film are Joey Mendicino (Jesse Hilts) and the Winnebago Family ( Diane Salinger, Michael Childers, Gary and Edmund Entin, and Mikey Post). It is the sequel to the 2006 film Rest Stop, and stars Richard Tillman, Jessie Ward, Graham Norris, and Brionne Davis. Rest Stop: Don't Look Back is a 2008 American horror film directed by Shawn Papazian and written by John Shiban. ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() Like many entrepreneurs, Sapone and co-founder Jessica Beck started Hello Alfred to solve a problem in their own lives: their studies at Harvard Business School left little time for grocery shopping or tidying. For three-year old Hello Alfred the stakes are much higher. Meanwhile, startups like Ollie and WeWork's WeLive brand are marketing fully-furnished micro-apartments to young renters with promises of community and a helping hand on daily chores.įor Related, the partnership is a chance to test a new trend in housing and to gain an edge in attracting on-the-fence renters. Last month ultra-luxury resort brand Aman announced its New York property, scheduled to open in 2020, will include 20 private homes. Just like retailers have become obsessed with providing experiences, residential building managers are increasingly focused on service.Īt the high end, hotel brands Four Seasons and the Ritz Carlton now have over 50 branded residences between them, offering owners hotel-like perks such as in-residence dining and housekeeping. The developer is not alone in trying to provide residents with more than a nice place to lay their heads. "The element of time is so precious." Jeffords estimates he saves an hour or two each week. "We wanted to complement with an additional level of service," says Schmidt. Across New York City well-heeled renters are lured with gyms, playrooms and inviting common rooms (spaces that often goes unused after move-in). Building managers have long "played the amenity game," says Related Vice President Chris Schmidt. ![]() ![]() ![]() Indeed, one of Darwin's peers, naturalist Edward Forbes, was an enthusiastic champion of marine dredging as an aid to study the life at the bottom of the sea. "You think about Charles Darwin, when he was a student in Edinburgh, learned how to dredge." "In parallel to that, there's this tradition of marine natural history dredging, which is something that very much started in Britain, and a few other people took it up in the United States," says Rozwadowski. Understanding more about the topography of the ocean became more pressing once telegraphy became more widespread, says Rozwadowski – the only way telegraphs could connect North American with the UK, for instance, was via cables laid along the sea floor. Then the Royal Navy, no longer having to support troops in Crimea, filled the vacuum left when the US fell into civil war. "The antecedents are in two basic directions – one is the hydrographic works that's been done by especially British and American hydrographers." The US led the way in terms of deep sea until the 1860s. "You don't get a three-and-a-half-year circumnavigation voyage out of thin air," she says. Slowly and surely, they would provide the building blocks of a mission as ambitious as the Challenger's. Smaller, less ambitious expeditions in the decades before the 1870s were instrumental in the Challenger setting sail, says Helen Rozwadowski, the founder of the maritime studies program at the University of Connecticut. The 19th Century was when what we would now call oceanography came of age. It was only in the 1760s that the first dedicated oceanographic mission – a Danish expedition to the seas around Egypt the Arabian Peninsula – took place, gathering specimens using nets and simple dredging equipment. ![]() These early attempts were sporadic, however, and only ever explored a tiny fraction of the oceans at a time. But much of the ocean – especially its cold, invisible abyss – remained a mystery.Īfter the age of exploration, and Europe's violent colonisation of much of the globe, attention started turning to what lay under the surface of the sea. Coastlines were charted, species hauled up in nets were drawn and pored over, and depths recorded with weighted lines. The rush to claim an undersea mountain rangeįor centuries, oceanography remained in relative infancy.The deep-sea mining tracks on the ocean floor.The voyage that birthed oceanography (BBC Travel).From the Greek for river – okeanos – came the word ocean. When the Ancient Greeks first started exploring outside the Mediterranean, some 2,900 years ago, the discovery of a strong north-to-south current made them believe they had discovered a huge river. But while their cartography mapped the shorelines, the seas around them were regarded as a realm of ship-claiming monsters and gargantuan serpents. The ancient Roman and Greeks had painstakingly – and fairly accurately – mapped the coastlines of the Mediterranean Sea. But despite their vital place in commerce and colonial power, the deep oceans might as well have been on another planet. With freight-carrying jet aircraft a century away, and railways yet to traverse huge swathes of the world, massive amounts of world trade relied on ships. The oceans were the highways of the late 19th Century. And along the way it discovered species living in the dark depths below. This voyage, which Murray was part of, changed the way we view the oceans. ![]() A three-year-long voyage – one of scientific observation rather than naval power projection – which traversed the globe on a 68,000-nautical mile (125,900km) journey. It has entered history thanks not to a famous fighting career but a reputation earned by something far more painstaking. HMS Challenger was a Royal Navy ship built in the 1850s. The vessel he lived on for three years in the 1870s is what ties together the house on the firth, the deepest part of our ocean abyss, and Nasa's spacecraft. One was the command module for the Apollo 17 Moon mission while the other was part of the Space Shuttle fleet, and the first of them to be lost – Challenger.Ĭhallenger Lodge was once owned by John Murray, a famous pioneer of oceanography whose travels took him almost as far as it is possible to get from Edinburgh and still be on Planet Earth. The building shares its name with the one of the deepest parts of the ocean and two Nasa spacecraft. It was once a private house, but now the imposing stone structure on Boswall Road, on the southern shore of the Firth of Forth in Edinburgh, is part of a palliative care hospice. ![]() |
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